“Tahukah kamu?”: Analisis Set Data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas)
Do You Know About This?”: Analysis of the Indonesian Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) Data
Abstract
Susenas has been the backbone of many scientific research and public policies in Indonesia since 1960s. Nonetheless, some of its features have not been clearly conveyed and understood. We highlight two features that often lead to misinterpretation. First, the expenditure variable in Susenas does not measure private outlay but household’s consumption because it includes external assistance. Incomes of households which receive many assistances therefore are overestimated. Second, a sudden change in questionnaire since 2015 may disrupt trend analysis. Specifically for health items, this abrupt change coincides with any change stimulated by a new health initiative introduced by the Central Government. -------------------------------------- Susenas telah menjadi dasar berbagai riset dan kebijakan di Indonesia sejak pertama kali dilaksanakan tahun 1963. Namun, ada fitur-fitur yang belum dipahami benar oleh para penggunanya. Artikel ini mengangkat dua fitur yang dapat menghasilkan inferensi kurang tepat. Yang pertama, variabel pengeluaran tidaklah mengukur pengeluaran pribadi, melainkan konsumsi, karena mencakup nilai bantuan ekonomi dari pihak lain. Implikasinya, variabel ini menafsirkan daya beli yang terlalu tinggi untuk rumah tangga yang menerima banyak subsidi. Yang kedua, adanya perubahan kuesioner pada Susenas 2015 yang berdampak pada analisis tren pengeluaran. Khususnya untuk pengeluaran kesehatan, pergerakan ini bisa disalahartikan sebagai dampak program baru pemerintah ditahun sebelumnya.
Downloads
References
Akita, T., & Lukman, R. A. (1995). Interregional inequalities in Indonesia: a sectoral decomposition analysis for 1975–92. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 31(2), 61-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00074919512331336785.
Akita, T., & Miyata, S. (2008). Urbanization, educational expansion, and expenditure inequality in Indonesia in 1996, 1999, and 2002. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 13(2), 147-167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860801923558.
Akita, T., Lukman, R. A., & Yamada, Y. (1999). Inequality in the distribution of household expenditures in Indonesia: A Theil decomposition analysis. The Developing Economies, 37(2), 197-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00231.x.
Asra, A. (2000). Poverty and inequality in Indonesia: estimates, decomposition and key issues. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 5(1-2), 91-111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860008540785.
Bird, K., & Manning, C. (2008). Minimum wages and poverty in a developing country: Simulations from Indonesia’s Household Survey. World Development, 36(5), 916-933. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.012.
Cameron, L. A. (2000). Poverty and inequality in Java: examining the impact of the changing age, educational and industrial structure. Journal of Development Economics, 62(1), 149-180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00079-1.
Comola, M., & De Mello, L. (2011). How does decentralized minimum wage setting a ect employment and informality? The case of Indonesia. Review of Income and Wealth, 57(s1), S79-S99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00451.x.
Grimm, M., Sparrow, R., & Tasciotti, L. (2015). Does electrification spur the fertility transition? Evidence from Indonesia. Demography, 52(5), 1773-1796. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0420-3.
Hastuti, Sumarto, S., Suryahadi, A., Mawardi, S., Sulaksono, B., Devina, S., Artha, R. P., & Dewi, R. (2007). The Effectiveness of the Raskin Program. SMERU Research Report December 2007. The SMERU Research Institute. Diakses 3 Januari 2018 dari http://www.smeru.or.id/en/content/effectiveness-raskin-program.
Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0202.
Johar, M., Soewondo, P., Adji, A., Pujisubekti, R., Satrio., H. K., &Wibisono, I. D. (2017). The impact of Indonesia’s rapid move towards universal health insurance on total health care expenditure. TNP2K Working Paper 3. TNP2K. Diakses 3 Januari 2018 dari http://www.tnp2k.go.id/images/uploads/downloads/working-paper-the-impact-of-ndonesia%E2%80%99s-rapid-move-january-2018.pdf.
Kim, J. (2010).Women’s education and fertility: An analysis of the relationship between education and birth spacing in Indonesia. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(4), 739-774. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/649638.
Kruse, I., Pradhan, M., & Sparrow, R. (2012). Marginal benefit incidence of public health spending: Evidence from Indonesian sub-national data. Journal of Health Economics, 31(1), 147-157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.09.003.
Levinsohn, J.A., Berry, S. T., & Friedman, J., 2003. Impacts of the Indonesian economic crisis. Price changes and the poor. In M. P. Dooley & J. A. Frankel (Eds.), Managing currency crises in emerging markets (pp. 393-428). University of Chicago Press.
Nugraha, K. & Lewis, P. (2013a). Towards a better measure of income inequality in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 49(1), pp.103-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.772941.
Nugraha, K., & Lewis, P. (2013b). The impact of taxation on income distribution: Evidence from Indonesia. The Singapore Economic Review, 58(04), 1350024.
Pasay, N. H. A., Handayani, D., & Setiawan, B. (2011). Sheepskin and working experience effects on wage in Indonesia: The importance of signaling. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 59(2), 117-144.
Pradhan, M., & Prescott, N. (2002). Social risk management options for medical care in Indonesia. Health Economics, 11(5), 431-446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.689.
Sidique, M. A. B.,Wibowo, H., &Wu, Y. (2014). Fiscal decentralistion and inequality in Indonesia: 1999-2008. Discussion Paper 14.22. The University ofWestern Australia. Diakses 3 Januari 2018 dari http://ecompapers.biz.uwa.edu.au/paper/PDF%20of%20Discussion%20Papers/2014/14-22%20Fiscal%20Decentralisation%20and%20Inequality%20in%20Indonesia%201999-2008.pdf.
Sparrow, R. (2007). Protecting education for the poor in times of crisis: An evaluation of a scholarship programme in Indonesia. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(1), 99-122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2006.00438.x.
Sparrow, R., Suryahadi, A., & Widyanti, W. (2013). Social health insurance for the poor: Targeting and impact of Indonesia’s Askeskin programme. Social Science & Medicine, 96, 264-271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.043.
Sparrow, R., de Poel, E. V., Hadiwidjaja, G., Yumna, A.,Warda, N., & Suryahadi, A. (2014). Coping with the economic consequences of ill health in Indonesia. Health Economics, 23(6), 719-728. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2945.
Sumarto, S., Suryahadi, A., & Widyanti, W. (2005). Assessing the impact of Indonesian social safety net programmes on household welfare and poverty dynamics. The European Journal of Development Research, 17(1), 155-177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09578810500066746.
Sumarto, S., Suryadarma, D., & Suryahadi, A. (2007). Predicting consumption poverty using non-consumption indicators: Experiments using Indonesian data. Social Indicators Research, 81(3), 543-578. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-0023-x.
Suryadarma, D. (2012). How corruption diminishes the effectiveness of public spending on education in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 48(1), 85-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.654485.
Thomas, D., Beegle, K., Frankenberg, E., Sikoki, B., Strauss, J., & Teruel, G. (2004). Education in a Crisis. Journal of Development Economics, 74(1), 53-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.12.004.
van Doorslaer, E., O’Donnell, O., Rannan-Eliya, R. P., Somanathan, A., Adhikari, S. R., Garg, C. C., ... Zhao, Y. (2005). Paying out-of-pocket for health care in Asia: Catastrophic and poverty impact. EQUITAP Project : Working Paper # 2. India: Institute for Human Development.
van Doorslaer, E., O’Donnell, O., Rannan-Eliya, R. P., Somanathan, A., Adhikari, S. R., Garg, C. C., ... & Karan, A. (2006). Effect of payments for health care on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: an analysis of household survey data. The Lancet, 368(9544), 1357-1364. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69560-3.
Vyas, S., & Kumaranayake, L. (2006). Constructing socioeconomic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 21(6), 459-468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czl029.
Waters, H., Saadah, F., & Pradhan, M. (2003). The impact of the 1997–98 East Asian economic crisis on health and health care in Indonesia. Health Policy and Planning, 18(2), 172-181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czg022.
World Bank. (2016). Indonesia - health financing system assessment: Spend more, right and better. Diakses 3 Januari 2018 dari http://documents. worldbank.org/curated/en/453091479269158106/Indonesia-Health-financing-system-assessment-spendmore-right-and-better.
- Abstract 2194
- PDF 9896
Abstract view : 2194 times
PDF - 9896 times
Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
JEPI by Dept Ilmu Ekonomi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
